Electrochemical methods, fundamentals and applications

DWDM Fundamentals, Components, and Applications DWDM Fundamentals, Components, and Applications

Glucose-Sensitive Holographic (Bio)Sensors: Fundamentals and Applications

Nowadays sensors and especially biosensors play an important role in medical diagnosis and detection of food and environment contaminations. Biosensors’ facilities have been improved significantly by using technologies such as surface plasmon resonance, microfluidics, laser, and electrochemistry. These technologies are now available on chips in micro- and nano-scale and are capable of mea...

Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications

Spintronics, or spin electronics, involves the study of active control and manipulation of spin degrees of freedom in solid-state systems. This article reviews the current status of this subject, including both recent advances and well-established results. The primary focus is on the basic physical principles underlying the generation of carrier spin polarization, spin dynamics, and spinpolariz...

Biological applications of the electrochemical sensing of nitric oxide: fundamentals and recent developments.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a unique cellular messenger linked to a number of important biological processes. Its free radical nature, small size and fast diffusivity make it highly reactive and membrane permeable. Unfortunately, its reactivity, coupled with the inherent complexity of in situ biological measurements, makes it a challenge to detect. For the past 20 years, electrochemical methods have b...

Sequential Methods and Their Applications